Treatment Options for Alcohol Abuse

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The various treatment options for alcohol abuse work in diverse ways for different people. With treatment, however, one thing is clear: the longer a person stays away from alcohol, the more likely he or she will be able to remain sober.

The Type of Treatment Options Alcohol Abusers Will Receive

image: doctor preparing to administer medications to alcohol detox patient The form of alcohol abuse and alcoholism treatment you receive depends on a number of factors:

The severity of your condition
The resources available in your community
Whether you want to involve yourself with traditional alcoholism approaches or alternative treatment options
Your personal health care coverage
Whether you have the financial resources for the treatment of choice

Traditional Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment

There are a number of traditional alcoholism treatment approaches that are relatively well established.

Detoxification. Alcohol detoxification is the process of letting the body rid itself of alcohol while managing the withdrawal symptoms in a safe environment. image: doctor writing in chart of alcohol rehab patient This form of treatment is usually done under the supervision of a medical practitioner and is often the first step in an alcoholic treatment program.

Behavioral Treatments such as Alcoholics Anonymous, Motivation Enhancement Therapy, and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. A study administered by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism found that each of these behavioral treatment therapies significantly reduced drinking in patients the year after treatment.

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Alcoholics Anonymous is a mutual support program for recovering alcoholics that is based on the 12-steps of recovery that are needed in order to stay sober. Help and support are provided by the meetings that meet on a regular basis. While AA has proven to be an effective therapeutic approach, most practitioners outside of AA, as well as many people within AA, find that Alcoholics Anonymous works best when combined with other forms of treatment, including medical care and psychotherapy.

Motivation Enhancement Therapy (MET) is a systematic therapeutic approach that is almost diametrically opposed to AA in that it uses motivational strategies to activate the client's own change resources. Some of the key characteristics of MET are the following:

Helping the client achieve self-efficacy or a sense of optimism
Providing feedback regarding the personal risks or damage associated with the abuse
Emphasis on taking personal responsibility for positive change
Receiving clear advice to make healthy changes
Providing the client with a number of alternative change options
Therapist empathy

Statistics for Native American adults has shown that substance abuse is related with serious physical injury, child neglect and abuse, and police calls. For instance, The Tribal Child Protective Services of the Cherokee Nation recently confirmed that 39% of their total case load points to substance abuse as a major contributing factor associated with the their community problems.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). There are several forms of cognitive behavior therapy. Most of them, however, have the following commonalties:

CBT is structured and directive.
CBT uses the Socratic Method that is based on the asking of questions for insight.
CBT approaches are based on the cognitive model of emotional response. That is, if we change the way we think, we can act and feel better, even if the situation doesn't change.
Homework is a central feature of CBT.
CBT usually has therapeutic sessions that are briefer and fewer in number than most other forms of therapy.
In CBT, a solid therapeutic relationship is necessary but not the primary focal point for effective therapy.
CBT is a mutually shared effort between the therapist and the client.
CBT is based on an educational model that views most emotions and behavioral reactions as learned responses. Thus, the therapeutic goal in to help the client unlearn undesirable reactions and emotions and replace them with new and more positive ways of feeling and reacting.
CBT theory and techniques rely on the Inductive Method. This method has clients look at their thoughts as hypotheses (or suggested explanations) that can be tested and questioned. If clients discover that their hypotheses are incorrect, they can then change their thoughts and feelings to be more in line with reality.
CBT is based on stoic philosophy. CBT does not tell clients how they should feel. Rather, this form of therapy focuses on helping clients learn how to think more logically and effectively.

According to a 1999 report by The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 6,374 youth from the ages of 15 to 20 were killed in auto accidents. Alcohol use was documented in 2,238 (35%) of these deaths.

Therapeutic Medications. This treatment approach centers on the client taking doctor-prescribed medications such as naltrexone (ReViaT) or disulfiram (Antabuse) in an attempt to help prevent the person from returning to drinking after he or she has alcohol consumption.

Antabuse is a drug given to alcoholics that elicits negative effects such as flushing, dizziness, vomiting, and nausea if alcohol is ingested. Antabuse is effective mainly because it is a strong deterrent. Naltrexone (ReViaT), on the other hand, targets the brain's reward circuits and is effective because it reduces the craving the client has for alcohol.

Based on your answers to the health care provider's questions and upon the physical exam, it may be concluded that you are indeed, addicted to alcohol, drugs, or both. At this point, your health care professional will discuss your treatment options. Keep in mind that chemical dependency experts, like other specialists, will make various suggestions and recommendations regarding your addiction. You, however, will need to be actively involved in the decision-making process if your treatment is to
be successful.

Outpatient Counseling. There are various approaches to counseling that teach alcoholics how to become aware of the emotional and situational hot buttons that trigger their drinking. Armed with this information, clients can then learn about different ways in which they can cope with their feelings and situations that do not include the use of alcohol. These types of therapies are typically offered on an outpatient basis.

Counseling. Because the recovery process is so intimately tied to the support the client receives from his or her family, numerous alcohol dependency programs include family counseling and marital counseling as key components in the treatment process. Such therapeutic programs, moreover, may also provide clients with essential community resources, such as parenting classes, job training, legal assistance, financial management classes, and childcare.

Even though a number of medications have been effective in treating alcoholism, there is, however, no "magic bullet." That is, no single medication exists that is effective in every situation or with every person.

Alternative Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment

Although the research findings are not clear, there are some alternative treatment approaches for alcohol abuse and alcoholism that are becoming more mainstream and widely used. Examples include "Drumming out Drugs" (a form of therapy that employs the use of drumming by clients), the holistic and naturalistic approaches employed by Traditional Chinese Medicine, and various vitamin and supplement therapies have been proposed as "natural" ways to treat alcohol abuse.As promising as these alternative approaches are, more research is needed to establish the effectiveness of such therapeutic approaches to alcohol abuse and alcoholism.

Physical addiction takes place when a person's body becomes dependent on a particular substance such as drug or alcohol. It also means that a person develops a tolerance to that particular substance, meaning that the user
requires a larger dose than before
to get the same "buzz" or "high."

Treatment Options for Alcohol Abuse: Conclusion

image: young woman in pain from excessive drinking The various treatment options for alcohol abuse work in diverse ways for different people. Like any chronic disease, however, there are varying degrees of success when it comes to treatment. For instance, some people, after treatment, refrain from drinking and remain sober.

Others who abuse alcohol experience relatively long periods of sobriety after treatment, and then have a drinking relapse. And still other alcohol abusers cannot refrain from drinking for any sustainable period of time no matter what kind of treatment they receive.

With treatment, however, one thing is clear: the longer a person stays away from alcohol, the more likely he or she will be able to remain sober.

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Many babies with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) not only have underdeveloped organs, especially the heart, but they also have underdeveloped brains that are small and abnormally formed. Most babies with FAS exhibit some degree of mental disability, poor coordination, behavioral problems, and/or a short attention span. Unfortunately, even if not mentally retarded, adolescents and adults with FAS typically have different degrees of emotional and behavioral problems and often find it difficult to keep a job and to live independently.

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